What type of assessment compares an individual's performance to a predetermined standard?

The correct choice focuses on criterion-referenced assessment, which evaluates an individual's performance against a specific set of criteria or standards. This type of assessment is designed to measure how well a student can demonstrate mastery of particular skills or knowledge areas based on defined benchmarks.

For example, in an educational setting, a criterion-referenced assessment might involve a test where students are expected to achieve a specific score to demonstrate proficiency in a subject area, such as reading or mathematics. The goal is not to compare students with one another but rather to determine whether each student has met the established learning objectives. This method allows educators to identify areas of strength and potential improvement for each student based on the predetermined standards.

In contrast, other assessment types such as norm-referenced assessments focus on comparing a student's performance to that of a peer group, which does not provide a direct measure against specific standards. Individual referenced assessments and performance-based assessments can focus on various aspects of learning but do not strictly center on the predetermined standard as criterion-referenced assessments do.