Which of the following types of validity is assessed by comparing results to future outcomes?

Predictive validity refers to the extent to which a score on a test or assessment can be used to anticipate future performance or outcomes. This type of validity is particularly important in educational and psychological assessments, as it helps determine how well a test measures what it aims to measure in relation to future behavior or performance. For example, if a standardized test is designed to assess students' potential for success in college, predictive validity would be determined by examining how well students' test scores correlate with their actual college performance in subsequent years.

In contrast, concurrent validity assesses how well a test correlates with a measure that is administered at the same time, content validity examines whether the assessment appropriately covers the subject matter it is intended to test, and construct validity evaluates how well the test truly measures a theoretical construct or trait. Each of these types of validity serves a different purpose, but predictive validity specifically focuses on forecasting future outcomes based on current assessment results.